Rabbit
Genetics

The lagomorph fauna of Mali remains poorly documented, and its taxonomic composition, geographic distribution, and conservation status are insufficiently resolved. Recent molecular and phylogeographic studies have revealed substantial genetic structuring within African hares (Lepus spp.), challenging traditional classifications that grouped geographically widespread populations within broad species concepts, particularly Lepus capensis sensu lato. This mini-review synthesizes available evidence on the taxonomic history, biogeographic context, habitat associations, anthropogenic pressures, and conservation implications of lagomorphs in Mali. Particular attention is given to the limitations of historical morphology-based identifications, the potential occurrence of cryptic evolutionary lineages, and the scarcity of voucher-supported records and country-specific ecological studies. Evidence from neighboring regions and broader African lagomorph research provides a comparative framework for interpreting the distribution of hares across the Saharan, Sahelian, and Sudanian ecological zones. However, regional findings cannot substitute for verified records from Mali, and apparent distributional gaps may reflect inadequate sampling rather than genuine absence. The available literature also suggests that habitat modification, hunting, climatic variability, and constraints on biodiversity monitoring may complicate conservation assessments. Three priorities emerge: reassessing historical specimens under current taxonomic frameworks, conducting geographically representative surveys that integrate morphological and molecular identification, and establishing systematic monitoring of habitat associations and anthropogenic pressures. Improved taxonomic resolution and occurrence data are essential for determining the composition of Mali’s lagomorph fauna and developing evidence-based conservation measures. This review highlights substantial knowledge gaps and provides a framework for future research on these understudied mammals in West Africa.